Education Stair

Stages of Education in India

---

Higher Education in India is one of the largest and oldest systems of higher education found anywhere in the world. As of now there are 320 Universities, of which nearly 131 are of Affiliating Universities. Besides there are deemed universities, institutions of national importance, institutes and over 15500 colleges. Together they offer a wide range of degree and diploma programs across the length and breadth of the country.

While universities, deemed universities and institutions of national importance are largely autonomous institutions entitled by law to design, develop and offer programs which they consider relevant and appropriate for the national needs, the colleges and institutes are expected to be regulated by the universities with which they are affiliated or associated with. Give the wide reach and variety of institutions and programs of higher education, a number of professional, coordinative and regulatory bodies and councils have also been established to ensure balanced and healthy growth of higher education in the country. Given below are the broad National Qualification Framework presently in vogue in the country.

• Arts, Humanities and Social Science:
• Commerce/ Business Studies/ Accounting/ Finance
• Natural Sciences
• Physical Education
• Fine Arts/ Art Education
• Performing Arts
• Engineering & Technology
• Computer Application/ Information Technology
• Management/ Business Administration
• Architecture/ Planning
• Modern Medicine & Surgery
• Dental Care
• Homeopathic Medicine
• Ayurvedic Medicine
• Unani Medicine
• Pharmacy
• Nursing
• Physiotherapy
• Agriculture/ Fisheries/ Veterinary Sciences
• Law

(1) Arts, Humanities and Social Science:

Level	Nomenclatures of Degrees	Duration in Years	Eligibility Requirement
UG	BA	3	10+2
PG	MA	2	Undergraduate Degree
Pre Doctoral	M. Phil.	1	Postgraduate Degree
Doctoral	Ph. D or D. Phil.	3	Postgraduate Degree
Post Doctoral	D. Lit.	3	PhD
Advanced Diploma	Advanced Diploma	1	Undergraduate Degree
Diploma	Diploma	1	10+2
Certificate	Certificate	1	10+2
Other nomenclatures in vogue are: B.Litt.; BJ; BOL; BPP; BPS; BT;; D.HV.; DOL; M. Ind.; M. Litt; M. Plan; MJ; MOL; Samaj Vidya Parangat; Samaj Vidya Visharad; Alankar; Bhasha Parveena; Granthalaya; Hindi Shiksha Visharad; M.Ch.; Vachaspati

 ^TOP

(2) Commerce/ Business Studies/ Accounting/ Finance:

MSWORD Keyboard Shortcuts

Microsoft Office basics

Display and use windows

To do this	Press
Switch to the next window.	ALT+TAB
Switch to the previous window.	ALT+SHIFT+TAB
Close the active window.	CTRL+W or CTRL+F4
Restore the size of the active window after you maximize it.	ALT+F5
Move to a task pane from another pane in the program window (clockwise direction). You may need to press F6 more than once.	F6
Move to a task pane from another pane in the program window (counterclockwise direction).	SHIFT+F6
When more than one window is open, switch to the next window.	CTRL+F6
Switch to the previous window.	CTRL+SHIFT+F6
Maximize or restore a selected window.	CTRL+F10
Copy a picture of the screen to the Clipboard.	PRINT SCREEN
Copy a picture of the selected window to the Clipboard.	ALT+PRINT SCREEN

Use dialog boxes

To do this	Press
Move from an open dialog box back to the document, for dialog boxes such as Find and Replace that support this behavior.	ALT+F6
Move to the next option or option group.	TAB
Move to the previous option or option group.	SHIFT+TAB
Switch to the next tab in a dialog box.	CTRL+TAB
Switch to the previous tab in a dialog box.	CTRL+SHIFT+TAB

Windows7 Calculator keyboard shortcuts

Press this key	To do this
Alt+1	Switch to Standard mode
Alt+2	Switch to Scientific mode
Alt+3	Switch to Programmer mode
Alt+4	Switch to Statistics mode
Ctrl+E	Open date calculations
Ctrl+H	Turn calculation history on or off
Ctrl+U	Open unit conversion
Alt+C	Calculate or solve date calculations and worksheets
F1	Open Calculator Help
Ctrl+Q	Press the M- button
Ctrl+P	Press the M+ button
Ctrl+M	Press the MS button
Ctrl+R	Press the MR button
Ctrl+L	Press the MC button
%	Press the % button
F9	Press the +/– button

Windows7 WordPad Keyboard Shortcuts

Press this key	To do this
Ctrl+N	Create a new document
Ctrl+O	Open an existing document
Ctrl+S	Save changes to a document
F12	Save the document as a new file
Ctrl+P	Print a document
Alt+F4	Close WordPad
Ctrl+Z	Undo a change
Ctrl+Y	Redo a change
Ctrl+A	Select the entire document
Ctrl+X	Cut a selection
Ctrl+C	Copy a selection to the Clipboard
Ctrl+V	Paste a selection from the Clipboard
Ctrl+B	Make selected text bold
Ctrl+I	Italicize selected text
Ctrl+U	Underline selected text
Ctrl+=	Make selected text subscript
Ctrl+Shift+=	Make selected text superscript
Ctrl+L	Align text left
Ctrl+E	Align text center
Ctrl+R	Align text right
Ctrl+J	Justify text

Windows7 Paint keyboard shortcuts

Press this key	To do this
Ctrl+N	Create a new picture
Ctrl+O	Open an existing picture
Ctrl+S	Save changes to a picture
F12	Save the picture as a new file
Ctrl+P	Print a picture
Alt+F4	Close a picture and its Paint window
Ctrl+Z	Undo a change
Ctrl+Y	Redo a change
Ctrl+A	Select the entire picture
Ctrl+X	Cut a selection
Ctrl+C	Copy a selection to the Clipboard
Ctrl+V	Paste a selection from the Clipboard

Full list of Windows 7 Keyboard shortcuts

Keyboard shortcuts are combinations of two or more keys that, when pressed, can be used to perform a task that would typically require a mouse or other pointing device. Keyboard shortcuts can make it easier to interact with your computer, saving you time and effort as you work with Windows and other programs

Most programs also provide accelerator keys that can make it easier to work with menus and other commands. Check the menus of programs for accelerator keys. If a letter is underlined in a menu, that usually means that pressing the Alt key in combination with the underlined key will have the same effect as clicking that menu item.

General keyboard shortcuts
The following table contains general keyboard shortcuts.

Press this key	To do this
F1	Display Help
Ctrl+C	Copy the selected item
Ctrl+X	Cut the selected item
Ctrl+V	Paste the selected item
Ctrl+Z	Undo an action
Ctrl+Y	Redo an action
Delete	Delete the selected item and move it to the Recycle Bin
Shift+Delete	Delete the selected item without moving it to the Recycle Bin first
F2	Rename the selected item
Ctrl+Right	Arrow Move the cursor to the beginning of the next word
Ctrl+Left	Arrow Move the cursor to the beginning of the previous word
Ctrl+Down	Arrow Move the cursor to the beginning of the next paragraph
Ctrl+Up Arrow	Move the cursor to the beginning of the previous paragraph
Ctrl+Shift with an arrow key	Select a block of text
Shift with any arrow key	Select more than one item in a window or on the desktop, or select text within a document
Ctrl with any arrow key+Spacebar	Select multiple individual items in a window or on the desktop
Ctrl+A	Select all items in a document or window
F3	Search for a file or folder
Alt+Enter	Display properties for the selected item
Alt+F4	Close the active item, or exit the active program
Alt+Spacebar	Open the shortcut menu for the active window
Ctrl+F4	Close the active document (in programs that allow you to have multiple documents open simultaneously)
Alt+Tab	Switch between open items
Ctrl+Alt+Tab	Use the arrow keys to switch between open items
Ctrl+Mouse scroll wheel	Change the size of icons on the desktop

Delhi Metro Fare Chart

Automatic Ticketing

Delhi Metro has introduced, for the first time in the country, ticketing and passenger control through a completely Automatic Fare Collection system.

Delhi Metro Route Map & Route Information

The Delhi Metro (Hindi: दिल्ली मेट्रो Dillī Meṭro) is a rapid transit system serving Delhi, Gurgaon and Noida in the National Capital Region of India. The network consists of six lines with a total length of 189.63 kilometres (117.83 mi) with 142 stations of which 35 are underground. It has a combination of elevated, at-grade and underground lines and uses both broad gauge and standard gauge rolling stock.

Line 1 (Dilshad Garden - Rithala)

Date of Completion:
Shahdara - Tis Hazari - December 2002
Inderlok - Rithala - March 2004
Dilshad Garden - Shahdara - June 2008
Distance : 25.1 kms
No. of Stations : 21

List of all MSDOS Commands

Short for Microsoft Disk operating system, MS-DOS is a non-graphical command line operating system created for IBM compatible computers that was first introduced by Microsoft in August 1981 and was last updated in 1994 when MS-DOS 6.22 was released. Although the MS-DOS operating system is not commonly used today, the command shell more commonly known as the Windows command line is still used and recommended.

MSDOS Command list and their short detail is available below.
For full detail click here
or copy following link and paste to URL:

http://www.mediafire.com/?3th70sakvrkqo5e

COMMAND	Short Detail
ASSOC	Displays or modifies file extension associations.
AT	Schedules commands and programs to run on a computer.
ATTRIB	Displays or changes file attributes.
BREAK	Sets or clears extended CTRL+C checking.
BCDEDIT	Sets properties in boot database to control boot loading.
CACLS	Displays or modifies access control lists (ACLs) of files.
CALL	Calls one batch program from another.
CD	Displays the name of or changes the current directory.

Enable or Disable Folder Option in Vista or Windows7

This will show you how to Remove (Disable) or Show (Enable) the Folder Options item from all Windows Explorer menus and from the Control Panel for all user accounts on the computer.
You must be logged in as an administrator to be able to do this tutorial.
EXAMPLE: Before (Enabled) and After (Disabled)

METHOD ONE

Tips to Enable USB Mass Storage Drive

Any USB devices and peripherals that use USB mass storage drivers are capable of transferring data in both directions. Windows recognizes these drivers as devices that have a formatted storage area. Therefore, you cannot use certain USB devices such as flash disks if you or some other program disabled the USB mass storage devices. You can enable them once again by editing a value in the Windows Registry. But, you must have Administrator privilege to perform this task.

 Instructions

1. Click "Start," go to "Run," type "regedit" in the text box and press the "Enter" key on your keyboard. If you are using Windows Vista or Windows 7, type "regedit" on the Start menu search bar. This will launch the Registry Editor.